Ernest Hemingway Essay -- essays research papers

Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in a small community of Oak special K, Illinois. He was the second sister out of six, with four sisters and one brother. The area Ernest grew up in was a very conservative area of Illinois and was raised with values of strong religion, hard work, corporeal fitness and self-determination. His household was a very strict one that didnt allow any enjoyment on Sundays and disobedience was strictly punished. Ernests nonplus taught him good morals and values that he if he followed that he would be good in life. His father also taught him to hunt and fish around the Lake pelf area and to love nature. The family would spend their summers in the wilderness and their winters back near Chicago. For the rest of his life Hemingway remained an avid fisherman and never lived far form a fishing hole. The outdoors is where he created a lot of his work, and a place where he got a lot of his inspiration from. Hemingway went to school in the Oak Park publ ic school system where he wrote for the High School paper. Hemingway graduated high school in 1917 and then he took a job as a reporter for the Kansas City Star. This was against his parents wishes of him going to college to become a professional. While Hemingway worked for the Star, he learned to elaborate more and polished his penning ability positively. He found out after awhile that writing for the newspaper wasnt for him. He had tried to join the military after he had graduated from high school b...

Vouchers and School Choice - Vouchers are Not the Solution Essay

nurture Vouchers Not the Solution As standardized test scores continue to plummet and our nation falls farther behind such industrial rivals as Germany, England, Australia and Japan in comparable knowledge, parents are questioning the current system of education. After being kicked around the national agenda for decades, the check voucher issue is finally being emphasized in several state legislatures, as well as in Congress. In the website titled Vouchers No, but...Taxpayer function to Parents will Advance Separation, David Bahurlich reinforces his support of school vouchers, both humansly and privately funded, in an attempt to show that vouchers will lead to a burst quality of education for the children in our school system today. Although I agree with the goals he thinks this will accomplish, I do not think vouchers to be the most(prenominal) effective manner of accomplishing them. There are two possible forms the voucher system that is being advocated could take. The first involves matching vouchers in which local businesses provide fractional of the money for the education of each child and parents match this amount, dollar for dollar (Privately Funded). The second form is the one being pushed for the strongest on the national level, creation school vouchers. In this system the parents will be given an Educational Performance Grant (EPG) for each child, which can be spent on that childs education in either a private or parochial school, in a different public school system, or on something else entirely. Idealistically, this would force the public institutions to compete for the best students and for funding, leading to a better quality of education (Freedom Lovers, Vouchers). The EPGs would be created by allotting ea... ...eries February 25, 1997 (http//www.weac.org/resource/nov96/vouchers.html) Freedom Lovers For Tax-Funded Vouchers February 25, 1997 (http//www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n6/favors.html) Interview with David R. Henderson Februar y 25, 1997 (http//www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n6/squirm.html) Privately Funded School Vouchers February 25, 1997 (http//www.cbn.org/news/stories/vouchers.html) Recent Education Publications February 25, 1997 (http//www.rand.org/publications/RRR/RRR.winter945education/ Recent_Education.html) Short Takes on Vouchers February 25, 1997 (http//www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n8/shorts.html) Vouchers No, but...Taxpayer Help to Parents will Advance Separation rebuttals by David Bahurlich February 25, 1997 (http//www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n8/advance.html) Back to the Main Page My Knees are shake

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Essays -- Biography Biographies Bio

Wolfgang Amadeus MozartMozart is perhaps the greatest musical genius who ever lived. Mozart s large nameis Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Most people called him Mozart or Wolfgang. Mozart wasborn in Salzburg, Austria, January 27, 1756. His father, Leopold, perhaps the greatest influence on Mozarts life, was the vice Kapellmeister (assistant choir director) to the Archbishop of Salzburg at the time of Mozarts birth. Mozart was very christened as Joannes Chrysotomus Wolfgangus Theophilus, but adopted the Latin term Amadeus as his name of choice. Mozart was one of seven children born to Leopold and Anna, however, only one other sibling survived. By the age of four it was evident that he possessed tremendous musical talent and music memory. His father, a master violinist and composer, decided to enroll adolescent Wolfgang in harpsichord les newss. At age five Mozart was composing music and by age six he had mastered the keyboard. By his early teens, he had mastered the piano, violin, and ha rpsichord. He began composing minuets at the age of 5 and symphonies at age 9. In 1762, Mozart and his elder sister Maria Anna (best kn let as Nannerl) who was to a fault a gifted keyboard player, were taken by their father on a short performing tour, of the courts at Vienna and Munich. Encouraged by their reception, they embarked the next social class on a longer tour, including two weeks at Versailles, where the children enchanted Louis XV. In 1764 they arrived in London. Here Mozart wrote his first three symphonies, under the influence of Johann Christian Bach, youngest son of Johann Sebastian, who lived in the city. In Paris, Mozart published his first worksfour sonatas for clavier with accompanying violin in 1764. After their return to Salzburg there followed three trips to Italy amidst 1769 and 1773. In 1768 he composed his first opera, LA FINTA SEMPLICE, for Vienna butconflicts prevented its performance, and it was first presented a year later at Salzburg.Mozart was a succ essful composer and violinist. He used the form of concerto (like theSymphony, in several section) to display the qualities of wind instruments, like the horn.His crowning achievements in concerto form, however, are for piano and orchestra - inall 25 works. Mozarts performances of his own piano concertos had much to do with thedevelopment of the instrument. In 1770, he began to ... ...him to ask Mozart to compose a Requiem Mass - a Mass for the Dead. But the master wished to pass the music off as his own. Mozart agreed, not knowing the strangers true intention. Mozart may had died of a number of illnesses. The official diagnosis was miliary fever, but the truth is that the physicians who accompanied him were never quite sure what Mozart died of. He suffered from rheumatic pain, headaches, toothaches, skin eruptions, and lethargy. A common theory today is that Mozart died of uremia following chronic kidney disease. Regardless of the cause, Mozart became sick-abed for the last two w eeks of his life. He died at shortly after midnight on December 5th, 1791, aged thirty-five years, eleven months, and nine days. BibliographyEinstein, Alfred. Mozart, His Character, His Work. revolutionary York, 1962. Knepler, Georg. Wolfgang Amad Mozart. Cambridge, 1994. Landon, H.C. Robbins. 1791 Mozarts Last Year. New York, 1988.Steve Boerner. The Mozart Project, Revised December 20, 2000http//www.Mozartproject.org? . The Mozart Story,http//www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/6014/Mozart Addicts Home Pagehttp//www.geocities.com/Vienna/Strasse/8417/

Essay --

The purpose of the present study Stanley 46 (1999) was to profile competitive junior female tennis players and determine if differences in fitness exist between state (n = 13, age=16.23 yrs) and district (n = 10, age = 17.10 yrs) standard female tennis players. The fitness components measured included maximal aerobic capacity (graded treadmill test to volitional exhaustion with direct oxygen analysis), strength (grip strength), originator (vertical jump), recreate (20 yard dash), muscular endurance (60second sit-up), agility (spider test), flexibility (sit and reach) and body composition (restricted anthropometric profile). A questionnaire was also administered to determine fitness tuition habits and attitudes to fitness. A serial of unpaired t-tests found no significant differences between the groups on any of the body composition or fitness variables. The only significant difference occurred with the subjects contend age where the state group had been playing tennis for a sig nificantly longer time (8.46 yrs) than the district group (6.55 yrs). The results of the present study showed that the fitness level of the girls was sub-standard. This may partly explain the current lull in the performance of Australias female tennis players. Questionnaire results showed that most girls were spending considerable time doing fitness training each week however, the questionnaire also showed that most of the girls did not have a fitness program to follow and would like a program written for them. To win at the highest level the tennis player must be proficient in all three areas of skill, psychology and fitness.Graetzer., & Shultz. 47 (1995) assessed aerobic and anaerobic power and capacity, muscular strength, flexibility, balance, and blood ... ...yers (4,063 m and 4,050 m vs. 3,866 m), respectively. However, in light of the distance-covered values (i.e., 2066-5251 m) found by Manchado. et al. (2008), the study was not very clear on the root of the practical signi ficance of these differences is unclear. The wing players are also booked in more high intensity work, than the back-court players (1.35%) and pivots (2.32%). On offense, wing players received less tackles (7.5 per match) than back-court players (15.9) and pivots (25.4). On defence, wing players performed fewer tackles (11.8 per match) than back-court players (24.6) and pivots (27.4). Wing players also engaged in more quick runs (4.4 per game) compared to back-court players (1.35) and pivots (2.47). In, summary, wing players did more high intensity work, covered greater distances and engaged in fewer tackles than both back court players and pivots.

Apostrophe & Personification: Poetic Comparison Essay -- essays resea

Percy Bysshe Shelleys poem, "Ode to the West Wind" and Sylvia Plaths poem "Mirror" both rent the poetic tools of apostrophe, the address to something that is intangible, and personification, the application of human characteristics to something dyspnoeic. However, they form a conundrum in the usage of these tools through the imagery they create. Both poets have breathed bread and butter into inanimate objects, however expiration and aging are the prominent themes within both of these works.     In "Ode to the West Wind", Shelley personifies many of natures elements by attaching descriptions of remains of death that are typically human. He begins the poem with a simile by comparing the autumn leaves to suggestions. Though leaves are in fact, living things, the term "ghost" implies a spirit or presence from a living being who has passed on. To become a ghost, it is necessary to have a soul and this is specific to existence and other mammals. Shelley uses the idea of giving a soul to an inanimate object in the second stanza of his poem as well. In the fourth line, he uses angels as a metaphor for decaying leaves. Here, the proofreader is compelled to envision spirit beings falling from the sky with the rain and lightning. In another area of the poem where Shelley applies human death attributes, he states that each of the "winged seeds" is "like a corpse within its grave" (Charters, p. 871). Again, he gives us the image of a human who has died and is lying in he or shes burial place.      In the third stanza of Shelleys poem, he uses personification by assigning emotion to some of natures elements. In the eleventh line, Shelley declares that the "sea-blooms and the oozy woods" allow "suddenly grow grey with fear". The emotions he assigns are relative to the idea of death. These are the feelings that humans develop when they feel that death is near. Shel ley has again, managed to give the reader an intense image of foliage shaking in their roots at the thought of the west winds approach.     As the poem progresses, Shelley puts a new twist on the idea of personification. Or, more accurately, Shelley reverses the idea of personification by attaching inanimate qualities to the person speaking in apostrophe form to the west wind. In t... ... give the reader a picture of arms from the mirror extending outward toward the woman. In desperation of a different, younger image, the woman begins to cry. (Charters, p. 1105) The mirror acknowledges the process of age in the second to finishing line as well, by stating that "in me she has drowned a younger girl, and in me an old woman rises toward her day" (Charters, p. 1105).      Though both poems utilize the same tools, they do so in very different styles. Sylvia Plath used personification to encompass the entire poem by allowing the inanimate object to be the speaker itself. She as well as gives the object various physical and emotional traits that are specific to humans. Shelleys poem, conversely, applies elements of personification to a few of the objects in his poem. Most of the human attributes Shelley gives to these objects are mainly metaphysical. The paradox of Sylvia Plaths "Mirror", is that the mirror is given life to reflect the image of aging, and the sadness of the inevitability of death. Ironically, Shelley has managed to employ the tool of personification, not by giving life to an inanimate object, but by giving it death.

Apostrophe & Personification: Poetic Comparison Essay -- essays resea

Percy Bysshe Shelleys poem, "Ode to the West Wind" and Sylvia Plaths poem "Mirror" both engage the poetic tools of apostrophe, the address to something that is intangible, and personification, the application of human characteristics to something breathless. However, they form a paradox in the usage of these tools through the imagery they create. Both poets have breathed lifespan into inanimate objects, however devastation and aging are the prominent themes within both of these works.     In "Ode to the West Wind", Shelley personifies many of natures elements by attaching descriptions of remains of death that are typically human. He begins the poem with a simile by comparing the autumn leaves to contacts. Though leaves are in fact, living things, the term "ghost" implies a spirit or presence from a living being who has passed on. To become a ghost, it is necessary to have a soul and this is specific to manhood and other mamm als. Shelley uses the idea of giving a soul to an inanimate object in the second stanza of his poem as well. In the fourth line, he uses angels as a metaphor for decaying leaves. Here, the commentator is compelled to envision spirit beings falling from the sky with the rain and lightning. In another area of the poem where Shelley applies human death attributes, he states that each of the "winged seeds" is "like a corpse within its grave" (Charters, p. 871). Again, he gives us the image of a human who has died and is lying in he or shes burial place.      In the third stanza of Shelleys poem, he uses personification by assigning emotion to some of natures elements. In the eleventh line, Shelley declares that the "sea-blooms and the oozy woods" impart "suddenly grow grey with fear". The emotions he assigns are relative to the idea of death. These are the feelings that humans develop when they feel that death is near. Shelley has ag ain, managed to give the reader an intense image of foliage shaking in their roots at the thought of the west winds approach.     As the poem progresses, Shelley puts a new twist on the idea of personification. Or, more accurately, Shelley reverses the idea of personification by attaching inanimate qualities to the person speaking in apostrophe form to the west wind. In t... ... give the reader a picture of arms from the mirror extending outward toward the woman. In desperation of a different, younger image, the woman begins to cry. (Charters, p. 1105) The mirror acknowledges the process of age in the second to conk out line as well, by stating that "in me she has drowned a younger girl, and in me an old woman rises toward her day" (Charters, p. 1105).      Though both poems utilize the same tools, they do so in very different styles. Sylvia Plath used personification to encompass the entire poem by allowing the inanimate object to b e the speaker itself. She excessively gives the object various physical and emotional traits that are specific to humans. Shelleys poem, conversely, applies elements of personification to a few of the objects in his poem. Most of the human attributes Shelley gives to these objects are mainly metaphysical. The paradox of Sylvia Plaths "Mirror", is that the mirror is given life to reflect the image of aging, and the sadness of the inevitability of death. Ironically, Shelley has managed to employ the tool of personification, not by giving life to an inanimate object, but by giving it death.

Andy Griffith Commemorative Speech

Andy Griffith Commemorative Speech 11/18/12 We come together today in memory of the light of America, A very generous, inspiring, caring, and clean-living man. Today we celebrate his life as a as actor, singer and writer. He was married three sentences with 2 children that were adopted during his first marriage. He is ruff known for dickens memorable characters as a sm altogether town sheriff and defense lawyer. The Famous Andrew Samuel Griffith, Born in June 1926 and passed away in July 2012 at the age of 86. We are here today to remember his life, being a star actor and inspiring others. A performer of extraordinary talent, Andy was beloved by generations of fans and revered by entertainers who followed in his footsteps. He brought us characters from Sheriff Andy to Ben Matlock, and in the process warmed the hearts of Americans everywhere. said Obama. Andy entertained the world, and inspired all of our lives. As we all have heard the famous theme song to the Andy Griffith show , I know at one point or another you have went around for old age whistling the lovely tone. Andy played a role of a gentle small town sheriff, along with his best friend Don Knotts they were like two peas in a pod in Mayberry, North Carolina.It was a top rated show in the 1960s. After Staring in the hit The Andy Griffith Show, he stared in the 1980s to 1990s show, in the title role of criminal defense attorney Ben Matlock. Andy first appeared on television in 1955 on the show, no time for sergeants, on the US steel hour. Andy had a love for music, starting from a young age. Even though as a baby, Griffith lived with relatives until his parents could afford to buy a home. He slept in dresser drawers for several months because they had no crib or bed for him. When he was three, his father began working as a carpenter and purchased their first home.Andy said growing up, the fellas- and worse the gals, used to laugh at me. It seemed to me they laughed at me all the time, not with me, m ind you, at me. The happiest times he had as a child was being in his bedroom, alone, where no one could jeer or poke fun at him. This is when he realized that he could go the others laughter when he said something funny. He loved to listen to music, and comical stories that his father had told him. Which Inspired him with the since of humor and love for music. In high school he became a part of the drama club, played the trombone and also sang in the church choir.Being and excellent role model, he was a high school instructor for drama and music. When Ron Howard was 5 years old Andy inspired Rons life tremendously. Ron said, His love of creating, the joy he took in it whether it was drama or comedy or his music, was inspiring to grow up around. The spirit he created on the set of The Andy Griffith Show was joyful and professional all at once. It was an amazing environment. And I weigh it was a reflection of the way he felt about having the opportunity to create something that p eople could enjoy.It was always with respect and passion for the opportunity and rattling what it could spree people in a very earthy way. He felt he was always working in service of an audience he really respected and cared about. He was a great influence on me. His passing is sad. But he lived and a great rich life. Griffith being a plum healthy man his first major health problem happened in 1983, when he was diagnosed with Gullain- Barre syndrome and he was unable to walk for 7 months, but did fully recover. In 2000 he had a heart bypass and 2007 he had surgery on his hips.Shortly after Andy had a heart attack, while he was recovering, he flew to California to verbalise at Ron Howards mothers funeral. This is how much of a friend he was. To me Andy has been excellent, inspiring, role model. He always was inspiring others to be as best as they could, he always went above and beyond every ones expectations. Andys motto was, I do not want the public to laugh at us, I want them to laugh with us. I think that America fulfilled this in his 86 years of life. I am going to end this undecomposed like Andy left all his crowds with these three words I appreciate it

Compare the Presentation of War in ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ by Wilfred Owen and ‘for the Fallen’ by Laurence Binyon

For the F completelyen and Dulce Et Decorum Est argon two truly different poesys indirectly expressing Wilfred Owen and Laurence Binyons views on fight. The line of credit of the poems is mainly down to when they were written as Binyon wrote his poem at the very beginning of the war, meaning the poem has a very propagandist and optimistic outlook on the war. He withal wrote it before he visited the front in 1916. However Owen wrote his poem near to the end of the war, in hospital, later on fighting on the western front.Many of his close friends had weakend du cry the war, which probably influenced a lot of the anger in his poems. It is clear in Owens poem that he feels on that point is absolutely no honour in dying for bingles country. He describes a fellow soldier killed in a gas attack, floundring like a man in fire or lime followed by, behind the wagon that we flung him in. The second quote gives the impression that this soldier is just one of many thousands of unnamed individuals who were killed and carted off without any funeral.It gives a message to propagandists and people who think war is glorious, that it is nonhing of the sort. Also Owens title Dulce Et Decorum Est, subject matter It is sweet and fitting. However the poem completely undermines the title saying the opposite and ending with The old Lie Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. Owen uses heavy irony in the title and could also be directing this quote at officers who originally led many soldiers to their death. By contrast, Binyon describes the death of the soldiers at war very differently Death august and royal.Binyon personifies death and makes it honourable, dignifying the death of the soldiers. Binyon also describes the dead soldiers As the stars atomic number 18 known to the Night, which implies that they are always there, sluice if they are not seen in the day, but remembered in their familys dreams every night. Furthermore the title For the Fallen is a euphemism, which like the poem avoids the fact that the soldiers actually died in many gruesome ways during battle. The images that Binyon and Owen require through their language in their poems are very different.Owens descriptions are extremely graphic and create very strong images You could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth corrupted lungs. One can almost see and hear the reality of war through all these descriptions. Owen also manages to create a few kind of unnatural and some eons impossible images Dim, through misty panes and thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. The word drowning gives us an image of someone drowning in air, which is impossible.By doing this, Owen shows the extreme horror of having to watch someone die in a gas attack. Binyons imagery, by contrast, is very much more idealised and glorifies the soldiers. There are many references to stars and the heavens immortal spheres, As the stars are known to the night, the heavenly pl ain. In the penultimate agate line the word stars is even repeated As the stars that are starry in the time of our time of darkness. By comparing the soldiers to stars, Binyon is erasing any negative references to the horrors of war and creating an image of heaven instead.The use of tone in the two poems is very incompatible as while Binyon adopts a very dignified, patriotic and mournful tone, Owen, on the contrary uses quite a pessimistic and sometimes aggressive tone. Owen does this by development spondees at the beginning of lines Bent Double, Knock-kneed, and Gas Gas By putting two stressed syllables at the start of lines, Owen is avoiding a kind iambic rhythm, and instead creating more of a chaotic effect which is helped by the sudden change to present tense. Owen also uses many words like muck, blood and zest.This sort of vocabulary adds to the poems slightly aggressive tone, with the use of quite hard-hitting and monosyllabic words. However, Binyon, on the contrary is m uch more formal and uses a mixture of latinate and anglo-saxon vocabulary creating both a warm but at the same time, respectful tone. Binyon also plays with word order, using inverted syntax They mingle not, and At the going down of the sun. This gives the poem a greater sense of permission and importance, and even sometimes sounds slightly biblical Flesh of her flesh they were, tactile property of her spirit.In For the Fallen, the form is relatively simple with short four-line verses with the last line always slightly shorter. This could relate to the soldiers lives being prove short but interestingly, these last lines can also be of significance by themselves, describing the soldiers who died Fallen in the cause of the free, They fell with their faces to the foe, To the end, to the end, they remain. The poem is also made up of antonymic lines, the structure being A, B, C, B. The rhyming 2nd and 4th lines represent the uniformity of the poem, while the non-rhyming 1st and 3rd represent the disharmony.There are also antonyms within certain lines music and desolation, glory and tears. The rhythm of the poem is quite irregular, possibly to emphasise the fact that the subject of the poem is too important to give a rum-ti-tum rhythm. Unlike For the Fallen, which is an elegy, Dulce Et Decorum Est is a narrative. The verses are long-range in Owens poem, the first two stanzas 8 lines, and the last 12 lines. The four extra lines in the last stanza almost come across as a personal message from Owen himself My friend, you would not tell with such high zest Also, the last line of the poem, a bit like the ends of Binyons verses, is cut short representing the soldiers lives being cut short Pro patria mori. Not only this, but the fact that the poem ends with the word mori-death- again refers to the soldiers lives. The poem is also set out like a story as it starts by setting the scene, which is followed by the climax in the 2nd stanza, and then the ending. Owen uses swop rhyme which knits all the lines together, making them flow.The rhyme scheme also draws attention to the specific rhyming words at the end of each line which, if engage alone, describe the events taking place e. g. trudge, blind, stumbling, drowning, blood. Owen uses repetition to emphasise certain words Gas Gas , All went lame all blind. The repetition of gas creates much more urgency than if it was just written once. Also, the repetition of all really makes the reader realise that Owen is trying to not just say it was one or two people who were hurt, but everyone.Owen also uses caesura Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots But limped on, blood-shod. All The full-stops in the substance of the lines disrupt the rhythm and maybe draw attention to the fact that the marching is not orderly. Binyon, like Owen, uses some repetition Flesh of her flesh they were, spirit of her spirit, To the end, to the end they remain. The repetition, in this case, with its lulling rhythm, adds to the overall proud and majestic feel of the poem. Another word that Binyon repeats almost constantly through the poem is they.This, in contrast to Owen who specifically describes one person dying in gory detail, unifies all the soldiers into one. Both For the Fallen and Dulce Et Decorum Est, in their own ways, describe soldiers who went to war. However, the two poems are opposite to each other in almost every way, as the points above show. Binyon shows us the glory of patriotism and self sacrifice while Owen shows the cruel reality of what it was truly like in the battlefield. These two poems show us how differently war can be described and interpreted.

Kite Runner Film Adaption Essay

The Kite Runner is a movie that has been adapted from the novel written by Khaled Hosseini. According to the past, certain characters and events of the films that had been based on the novels have been left out. Unexpectedly, there are merits in this film that should be acknowledged. The movie follows the written report quite nigh through those points, and telling the story adequately. They are the additions to the screenplay, the sensory experience and the narration respectively.The changes made in the movie had a significant effect on the boilers suit message of the story. One of the parts in the film that differs from the novel is the birthday gift for Hassan. When Hassans birthday takes place in the novel, he gets paid a surgery by Baba to get rid of his harelip. But in the film, when Hassan celebrates his birthday, he receives a kite from Baba. Apparently, the kite is more suitable in the context, because it completely relates to the title, and also a symbol of friendship.T he film helps the audience to have a thoroughly understanding of the culture of Afghan. It attempts to present the cultural sights and sounds of Afghan life. By transferring the story to screen, it has taken advantage of visual elements, showing sensory experience of the kite combat and the appearance of bazaar. Moreover, Afghans music is added in the movie to summation the mood and realistic.The replacement of the first person narration plays an inseparable part in the movie. The novel is written from Admirs point of view where his own thoughts and opinions are also included. The personal narrative of the book is what makes the story poignant. Therefore, the third person point of view in the movie would be completely different. It is more quarry and immediate, and more details are included.The deletion from the novel, sensory experience, and the replacing of the narration has made a slightly difference form the novel. But still, they are essential to the movements of the story a nd play an important role in the film.

Mcdonald Case Study

McDonalds On a Customer-Focused Mission More than half a century ago, Ray Kroc, a 52-year-old salesman of milk-shake-mixing machines, set forth on a mission to transform the focus Americans eat. Kroc bought a chain of seven stores already active for $2. 7 million. From the start, Kroc preached a motto of QSCVquality, service, cleanliness, and value. These goals became mainstays in McDonalds customer-focused mission narrative.Applying these values, the order perfected the fast-food conceptdelivering convenient, good-quality food at affordable prices. McDonalds grew quickly to bring about the worlds largest fast-feeder. The fast-food giants more(prenominal) than 32,000 restaurants worldwide now serve 60 million customers each day, racking up system-wide sales of more than $79 billion annually. In the mid-1990s, however, McDonalds fortunes began to turn. The company appeared to fall out of touch with both its mission and its customers.Americans were looking for fresher, better-ta sting food and more contemporary atmospheres. They were as well seeking healthier eating options. In a sassy age of health-conscious consumers and $3 muffin and coffee at Starbucks, McDonalds seemed a bit out of step with the times. McDonalds was struggling to find its identity among its competitors and changing consumer tastes. The company careened from one failed idea to another. It tried to keep pace. None of these things worked.However, McDonalds continued interruption new restaurants at a ferocious pace, as many as 2,000per year. The new stores helped sales, but customer service and cleanliness declined because the company couldnt hire and check off good workers fast enough. Meanwhile, McDonalds increasingly became a target for animal-rights activists, environmentalists, and nutritionists, who accused the chain of contributing to the nations obesity epidemic with super coat French fries and sodas as well as Happy Meals that lure kids with the reward of free toys.Although M cDonalds remained the worlds most visited fast-food chain, sales harvest-tide slumped, and its market share fell by more than 3 percent between 1997 and 2003. In 2002, the company posted its first-ever quarterly loss. In early 2003, a troubled McDonalds announced a turnaround planwhat it now calls its Plan to Win. At the heart of this plan was a new mission statement that refocused the company on its customers. The companys mission was changed from being the worlds best quick-service restaurant to being our customers favorite place and way to eat.The new plan centered on five basics of an exceptional customer experience people, products, place, price, and promotion. Under the Plan to Win, the goal was to get better, not just bigger. The company invested in improving the food, the service, the atmosphere, and marketing at existing outlets. McDonalds redecorated its restaurants with clean, simple, more-modern interiors and amenities such as live plants, wireless Internet access, an d flat-screen TVs showing cable news.Play areas in some new restaurants now feature video games and even stationary bicycles with video screens. To make the customer experience more convenient, McDonalds stores now expand earlier to extend breakfast hours and stay open longer to serve late-night dinersmore than one-third of McDonalds restaurants are now open 24 hours a day. Moreover, MacDonald added healthier options, such as Chicken McNuggets made with white meat, a line of Snack Wraps, low-fat milk jugs, apple slices, Premium Salads.In 2008, when the stock market befogged one-third of its valuethe worst loss since the Great Depression McDonalds stock gained nearly 6 percent. Through 2010, as the economy and the restaurant perseverance as a whole continued to struggle, McDonalds outperformed its competitors by a notable margin. QUESTIONS 1. What are the main environmental factors that affected MacDonald marketing strategy and way of doing business? 2. How MacDonald responded to the changing environment? (How these changes affected its marketing mix? )

100 Years of Indian Cinema Essay

Tracing the history, birth and evolution of Indian cinema is always an thrill experience. According to historians, Harischandra Sakharam Bhatvadekar (Save Dada, 1868- 1958) and Hiralal Sen were among the pioneers who produced go cooking stoves in India for the starting time time. Bhatvadekar was part of the audience which attended Lumieres actuals sort outed for the first time in India, at Watson Hotel in Bombay by Lumieres agent, Marius Sestier, in 1896.Bhatvadekar was so impressed by the images he saw that he decided to make them in India. He had some experience of capturing images as he owned a still photography studio. He had to mobilize all his resources to import a television camera and shoot a wrestling match and and and then send it to England for processing. He finally screened it in 1901. This is how moving images what we straight off call cinema arrived in India. D. G. Phalke Cinema developed fast, and its popularity grew immensely when image-makers started tel ling stories through and through moving images.Even during the taciturn era (up to 1931) cinema make an immeasurable impact through its ability to reach the sight in a great(p) way. Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, (D. G. Phalke, 1870- 1944), was tout ensemble captivated by the effect of cinema when he saw the silent choose, The Life of Christ, in 1910. Phalke, who had a short stint as a photographer and then as a printing press owner, decided to take up filmmaking as his career. He travelled to London to procure filmmaking equipment and learn its process. after(prenominal) his return, he do Indias first feature film, Raja Hrischandra, and released it in 1913. He went on to make a series of other films, fulfilling his ambition of present Indian gods on the silver screen. Thus, Phalke became the father of Indian cinema. It is now 100 years and time to hold on. Aesthetics of India Cinema Cinema by its very character is deceptive. This was evident even during the early stages of its e mergence (1900-1903), when French illusionist Georges Melies used the camera to produce trick visual effects.Later when German Expressionist cinema asserted itself during the silent era, films mainly dealt with horror, mental illness, basic emotions etc. They were presented on the screen in an artistic style and studio sets were created with peculiar geometric designs, liberation and shadows that looked totally different from the straightforward narration used thus far. M either(prenominal) films such as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920), The Golem (1920), Last Laugh (1924), Metropolis (1927) were postulate products of expressionism.It is interesting to none that plot of land Hollywood filmmakers, particularly stalwarts such as Alfred Hitchcock and others who specialized in crime drama, were totally influenced by this style of filmmaking, Indian films made during the silent era or even after it, never came under the influence of expressionist cinema. This is probably because I ndian cinema, during its early years (covering both the silent era and the first talkies) stuck mainly to the mythological and the historical. These films were total replicas of the popular stage productions of that time. As a impression of this, Indian cinema maintained its own identity.The first Indian talkie, Alam Ara (1931), we are told, was a big success. It had so many songs that people who had seen it say it was composed more of songs than of dialogue. What made Indian cinema clear different from other cinemas was this practice of using songs in films, a tradition which has persisted till date and probably volition continue forever. In the early decades during 1940s, 50s and 60s, cognise as the golden days of Hindi songs pioneering harmony composers posted some outstanding achievements and made a rich contribution to the Seventh Art through songs that remain immortal.In the 40s, the famous New Theatres Company from Calcutta promoted legendary composers such as R. C. Bo ral, Pankaj Mullick, Timir Baran, and many others, age celebrities such as Kundanlal Saigal, Pankaj Mullick, Kurshid, Parul Ghosh, Umadevi, Kannan Devi, Juthika Roy enriched film music with their melodious voices. Bombay Talkies, the film company of Bombay, also took the cue from Calcutta, with Saraswathi Devi and Anil Biswas creating some outstanding tunes for films songs. It was in 1950s that Hindi cinema saw its finest period when the popularity of Hindi film songs reached its peak.The immortal voices of Lata Mangeshkar, Noor Jehan, Suraiya, Amir Bai Karnataki, Geeta Dutt, Asha Bhosle, Mukesh, Mohammed Rafi, Talat Mohammed, Manna Dey, Hemant Kumar and Kishore Kumar captivated the hearts of music lovers. Equally eminent were the lyricists Kavi Pradip, Prem Dhawan, D. N. Madhok, Kidar Sharma, Shailendra, Hasarat Jaipuri, Majrooh Sultanpuri, Sahir Ludhianvi, Shakil Badayuni, Kamar Jalalabadi, Bharat Vyas, Gulzar and many others. A galaxy of music composers Khemchand Prakash, Husn lal Bhagatram, Naushad, C. Ramchandra, S. D. Burman, Hemant Kumar, Roshan and Madan Mohan created some memorable tunes for these songs. altogether of this perhaps explains why Indian cinema has successfully resisted Hollywoods domination, unlike in other parts of the world, including Europe, where Hollywood controls 70 to 80 % of business in the theatres. Our Hindi cinema, or Bollywood, which laid its foundations in the 50s, adopted its own formula, different from the one Hollywood had established in early 1930s. Hollywood leased talented filmmakers to make films with a story embodying dramatic elements, hero, heroine, love and romance, a bit of religion, fight sequences, etc and a treatment with a universal appeal in order to attract a global audience.This strategy has been successful in large measure. Indian Bollywood, on the other hand, adopted a formula which include a hero with multi-dimensional talent who could accomplish absolutely anything, a heroine with a noble character , who was also a devoted life partner, and ready to undergo any suffering in life for the cause of her familys welfare, their romance enhanced by songs, a villain or a vamp who torment the couple, stilted melodrama, a fight, the end of the villain and ultimately all ends well. Sometimes the film may be a tragedy too in which the hero or heroine becomes a martyr.This perceived formula percolated down to the regional cinema perseverance as well, successfully attracting mass audiences to cinema. Hollywood cinema, on the other hand, failed to bring in a large public, except in a few urban pockets. It was hindered as much by the language barrier as by the barbaric competition from local films which provided better entertainment. Economically speaking, it is gratifying to know that we have our own very large, independent and rapidly growing film labor. There is, of course, devolvement in quality, but that is a matter for another discussion.D. G. Phalke probably never imagined that t he Indian feature film industry, whose foundation he had laid, would become the largest film industry in the world, churning out, against innumerable odds, more than a thousand films annually. Hollywood is now thinking of capturing the Indian market by dubbing its films in the regional languages and pushing them through T. V. channels and local theatres. Arrival of the New Cinema India had its first International Film Festival in Bombay in 1952, and the Neo-realism films screened there made a big impact on our filmmakers.This marked the beginning of the New Cinema movement, engendered by the release of Do Bigha Zameen (1953) and Pather Panchali (1955). The well established formula of Bollywood films with music and dance was dispensed with here and low-budget films, particularly in the regional languages, started making their presence felt in a big way, both across the nation and internationally. However, while many of the new cinema productions do win awards and laurels, they are y et to establish their economic viability by reaching people through standard commercial releases.The Advent of Technology Basically, cinema is a gift of science to art, an art which is composite in nature. Its growth, in terms of both applied science and art, has been phenomenal, and its nurture particularly in its technology and format has been incredibly fast, making it exceedingly difficult for its practitioners to keep up the pace. It all began with the loading of celluloid films onto a camera and shooting the action as per the screenplay. In its technology, cinema, absorbed many innovations.Sound and dialogue entered in a big way in the early 30s, then it got its images painted in pleasing colours, and innovations in camera made it possible to work wonders in the field of special effects. However, despite these innovations, cinema remained basically in the celluloid format with 24 frames per second, with action being captured on film reel and stored in nets. Today, this con cept is undergoing a sea change. The new digital technology has arrived, with a potential so immense that it has totally revolutionized both the production and the projection forms.To put it simply, digital cinema involves storing a film in a disc, like the hard disc of a computer, similar to DVDs, and projecting it on the screen by a digital projector. Astonishingly enough, it enjoys the great advantage of transmit projection from one centre to other centres. The quality of the image depends on the resolution, now commonly known as 2K file, which, in turn, depends on the kind of camera used. Research and development are continuous and relentless, with many innovations entering the market every day.digital Cinema Production Digital cinema production bonnie needs a Digital video camera, recording tapes to record the images and computer and software to edit them. The biggest advantage of digital video is the cost-benefit. Shooting on the formal film reel is cumbersome and hundred s of times more expensive. Equally important is the easier digital editing process. Digital editing is abundantly used by filmmakers now even for films shot on reel. They convert the film footage into digital format for post production and then back to film.This conversion process is costly, though, and the quality of the image suffers. However, digital cinema need not go through this process. It fanny opt directly for editing. In fact, the moment a digital film is shot, the result flowerpot be seen immediately as no processing required. It can go for post production right away, bypassing laboratory processing. If results are unsatisfactory, repeat shots can be taken on the spot at no extra cost. Digital Cinema Distribution Film distribution through the digital system has many advantages.In the celluloid process, the cost of making a 35 mm print in the conventional way is around Rs. One lakh, while a films simultaneous distribution in 1000 centers for instance, with 1000 prints, pass on cost approximately Rs. 10 crores. In the digital system, a hard drive disc of a film will cost around Rs10, 000/- which is almost one tenth of a 35 mm print. Encrypted discs can also help avoid piracy. Yet another advantage is that the disc can be programmed for projection and, by providing codes for the servers, its unauthorized and illegal use can be avoided.Moreover, the cumbersome, bulky and costly process of shipping of film reels to and fro to the screening venues is easily overcome. Digital discs can be easily shipped through the courier system. Digital movies are simple computer files. They can be transmitted through broadband cables and played in hundreds of theatres simultaneously. It should also be noted, though, that write these files is far simpler than copying reel films. Hence care should be taken to protect them properly from piracy.If a film is successful at the box-office and needs more shows, it can be quickly connected to other theatres with the digital signal. Digital Cinema Projection Ultimately, what matters for the audience is the quality of the image and sound experienced when the visuals are projected onto the screen in cinema houses. According to experts, images particularly those of landscapes are of far better quality on film than on digital video. We do experience this while watching films in theatres. We notice a marked difference in the colour quality of the images.However, it is the considered opinion of users that while a film reel gets devalued after repeated screenings, the quality of the digital files remains unaffected. Taking Cinema to Rural Places In many villages in India, there are no repair theatres for film projection even today. People are deprived of watching films unless they go to the district or taluk headquarters. The lack of economic viability is the main reason. But juvenile developments show that the problem can be solved by using the satellite projection system and digital projectors.Small thea ters with a seating cleverness of around 100 to 300 can be constructed at a nominal cost and run by satellite projection and the use of take projectors can also help overcome the problem of outages. LED projectors need minimum power, and this can be managed with a maximum of 1 KW diesel engine power with UPS back up. An investment of around Rs 20 lakhs can earn handsome monthly returns. We can simultaneously run the show in several(prenominal) villages and small towns on the same day as the release of a film in major cities.It is a viable proposition for the film industrys exhibition sector to take cinema to the countrys rural interiors. Growing apprehension There is a growing apprehension in the minds of many intellectuals that these fast paced developments may make a big difference to the quality of cinema, or what we call The Tenth Muse. A growing number of people will be able to capture visual images more easily images may be created through software graphics on the computer without any actual shooting even music is created and reproduced through software nowadays.However, while such a process has the advantage of easy access to cinema, it may not be able to portray the real human element that we experience even today when we see the great classics. This will be a big blow to cinemas prestige. There may a huge spurt in the number of films produced, but at what cost? That is the question. And who knows whether the world will even call this process film, since film in its present reel form will not be there at all. It will be in the form of a disc or files. For all that, storytelling through the audio-visual medium is always enjoyable and loveable. Let us enjoy and celebrate its centenary.